More than 200 years ago, a French military officer stumbled across the Rosetta Stone, a 2000-year-old carving with clues to deciphering the Egyptian hieroglyphs that had puzzled the world for centuries. We don’t exactly have a Rosetta Stone for our perplexing market’s future – no one does. But just as the Rosetta Stone opened a window into Egypt’s mysterious past, we have some clues that might help investors crack the code in the coming months.
Focusing solely on this week, equities continued their yo-yo performance, falling back and giving up most of last week’s gains. The main driver of this was not rising inflation but concerns over economic growth. Consumer confidence data from Europe and the US showed a deteriorating picture, which will likely flow through into weaker consumer spending in the coming months. A combination of high inflation (and future inflation expectations) alongside geopolitical risks have clearly knocked the consumer.
There was some positive news with regards to China’s COVID-19 curbs, with announcements that quarantine time for incoming travellers would be halved. On the ground we also saw Walt Disney’s Shanghai Disney Resort announce it would reopen on Thursday after being shut for three months. The apparent easing of restrictions and reopening of the world’s second largest economy should be supportive for global growth.
The European Central Bank forum on central banking has been taking place throughout the week, with key central bankers speaking. The recurrent theme was on their collective commitment to tackle inflation and attempt to bring it down closer to their 2% target. US Fed Chair Powell stated that he believed the US economy was in “strong shape” and could withstand higher interest rates without economic growth stalling, however, he did say they must accept a higher recession risk in order to tackle inflation. Bond markets continued to shift on their views on future interest rate policy, with the yield on the 10-yr US Treasury note falling below 3% on Thursday, while UK and European government bonds also saw steep decline in yields. The market now expects US interest rates to peak in March/April 2023 before coming down once more. The terminal rate is now below 3.5%, while two weeks ago it was closer to 4%.
The troubled UK economy showed little improvement this week with the nation posting a record current account deficit in Q1 2022. Sterling surprisingly didn’t really react to the news, although much was in the price already, with the currency down over 10% versus the USD in the first half of the year.
As investors it is important to recognise that markets are forward looking and not get too bogged down in the here and now, and instead focus on where asset prices could be in the next 1-3 years. With this mindset, value is starting to appear in a wide range of assets, following significant de-ratings over the first half of the year.
Andy Triggs, Head of Investments
Risk warning: With investing, your capital is at risk. The value of investments and the income from them can go down as well as up and you may not recover the amount of your initial investment. Certain investments carry a higher degree of risk than others and are, therefore, unsuitable for some investors.
Inflation aside, there were some different dynamics this week. Commodity prices, which have been on a tear this year, have been selling off aggressively. The falls have been broad based; wheat is down 13% over the past seven days, copper has fallen 11% and even oil is off over 10%. The reason for this is most likely due to the market pricing in a higher probability of a global slowdown/recession. In that environment, demand for commodities would fall and prices have adjusted to reflect this. It’s worth remembering the supply dynamics in the sector are still extremely tight, and that should be supportive of prices over the longer-term. Lower commodity prices, and in particular lower oil prices, may take some of the pressure off central banks as inflation may begin to moderate.
One of the biggest changes has been in bond markets. Jerome Powell, Chair of the US Fed, spoke to congress this week and declared that the Fed’s fight with inflation was “unconditional”. One might expect that bond yields would have risen (and therefore prices fallen) after such a statement, however, we saw global government bond yields collapse. The best explanation here again is that in a slowing global economy, inflation will begin to moderate, and the US Fed will not be able to take terminal interest rates as high. The yield on the 10-yr US Treasury bond was at 3.49% just 10 days ago but fell as low as 3% yesterday. Falling bond yields acted as a boost to the more growth focused equities, which have struggled this year. The tech-heavy Nasdaq index rallied around 1.5% yesterday. It’s interesting to see that the best performing funds in portfolios this week have been holdings in technology focused equities and UK government bonds, while the laggards have been holdings in resource equities – a complete role reversal compared to the last six months.
Economic data was generally weak, with US existing home sales falling to a two-year low. Housing affordability has tightened dramatically, as house prices have risen and mortgage rates jumped, so it is not a surprise to see housing activity slow. Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) data from Europe and the US came in well below expectations. US Manufacturing data was at the lowest level since June 2020 and services data was at a five-month low. The bad-news-is-good-news scenario seemed to be in play on Friday morning, with European and UK equities rising over 1% following the data releases.
This week once again pointed to the importance of diversification, with recent losers becoming winners and vice-versa. Our approach has always been to diversify across geography, style and asset class, tilting towards our preferred areas, as opposed to taking large portfolio positions. This is especially important at times of heightened volatility and uncertainty. By not losing in the short-term, you can win in the long run.
Andy Triggs, Head of Investments
Risk warning: With investing, your capital is at risk. The value of investments and the income from them can go down as well as up and you may not recover the amount of your initial investment. Certain investments carry a higher degree of risk than others and are, therefore, unsuitable for some investorsagain
After last week’s US inflation data surprised to the upside, all eyes were firmly on the US Fed’s meeting on Wednesday. In the run up to the meeting equities and bonds saw sharp price declines as markets digested the likelihood of a more hawkish approach. As expected, the US Fed raised interest rates by 0.75% – the highest single increase since 1994, taking US interest rates to 1.75%. There was an immediate relief rally following the meeting, although these gains were given up on Thursday’s trading session, with equities once again falling. The impact of higher interest rates is likely to cool the red-hot US housing market, with the popular 30-year fixed mortgage rate now above 6%, up from around 3.25% at the start of the year.
The Bank of England (BoE) followed suit on Thursday, increasing interest rates by 0.25%. This was the fifth consecutive interest rate rise by the BoE and takes rates to a 13-year high of 1.25%. The committee voted 6-3 in favour of a 0.25% rise, with three members voting for a 0.5% increase. With inflation already at 9%, the BoE have now raised their forecasts and predicted it will raise to 11% heading into winter. UK households are already bracing themselves for the projected increased energy prices. We’ve previously spoken about the surge in inflation being partly due to the continued Russia -Ukraine war, however there are domestic factors, including the tight labour market and the pricing strategies of firms. With UK unemployment falling to 3.8% and the number of vacancies rising to almost 1.3million, workers are demanding greater wages or moving to higher paid jobs. Employers are forced to pay bonuses to retain staff or hire new ones.
The impact of higher energy and food prices is a major headwind to consumers, and this was highlighted by a profit warning from ASOS, who said inflation is deterring consumers from purchases. The news sent the share tumbling by over 30%, leaving the stock price down over 60% in 2022.
The challenging environment of bonds and equities selling off together continued for much of the week. Bond markets experienced large moves with the US 10-yr Treasury yield reaching 3.49%, the highest level in over 10 years, before falling back later in the week. UK and European government bonds also saw large spikes in yields, providing further pain for bond holders. At an equity level, the US S&P 500 entered bear market territory, characterised as a drawdown of more than 20% from recent highs. To name a few stocks, PayPal has now tumbled almost 75% from its record high last July, Meta (Facebook) has fallen 57% from its 2021 high and Netflix remains the S&P’s worst performer down 72% year to date. These highly valued growth stocks have been badly punished as valuations have tumbled on the back of higher interest rates. In Netflix’s case they have also struggled to pass costs onto subscribers, with subscribers cancelling memberships at an alarming rate.
This has been a very difficult week to be invested in markets. As investors it can be challenging to not allow emotions to dominate decisions in times like this. It’s vital that we fall-back on our investment process and experience, while also maintaining a long-term investment time horizon. One only has to look back to March 2020; the world felt like a very gloomy place, yet it provided a great investment opportunity for investors.
Andy Triggs, Head of Investments & Nathan Amaning, Investment Analyst
Risk warning: With investing, your capital is at risk. The value of investments and the income from them can go down as well as up and you may not recover the amount of your initial investment. Certain investments carry a higher degree of risk than others and are, therefore, unsuitable for some investors.
The UK stock market was May’s standout performer, as it has been for most of 2022. It would be lovely to put this down to some kind of jubilee-inspired rush of goodwill, but the unromantic truth is that it’s caused by the UK market’s heavy exposure to energy and mining companies.
The twin shocks of inflation and the war in Ukraine continue to drive most natural resource prices higher, with the latter having thrown fuel onto what was already a decent-sized inflationary fire – originally caused by pent-up post-COVID demand colliding with supply-chain bottlenecks. This has boosted the share prices of the UK market’s large oil and resource companies.
Very little of this has much to do with the British economy. Instead, it’s a reflection of which behemoth global energy and mining titans choose to list themselves on the London Stock Exchange (as well as the absence of any global technology titans).
To get a truer feel for what’s happening to our economy, it’s more telling to look elsewhere, such as the fortunes of the pound and of smaller UK-listed companies (as these tend to be more reliant on the UK economy, although not exclusively so). On this front, 2022 has been less rosy: While the multinational-dominated UK large-cap index has made positive returns, UK-listed smaller companies are down by around 10% for the year.
Sterling has also had a tough time of it: If you’re taking a trip to the States in the next few weeks then, assuming you make it through the airport, you’ll be spending almost 8% more to buy a burger than if you’d flown on New Year’s Day (and that’s only on the currency move – food price inflation will leave a mark too).
But if the month provided any glimmer of hope for us Brits, it’s that markets seemed to calm down and improve over the second half of the month. So smaller companies made up some lost ground, while the pound clawed back a cent or two against the dollar.
The relief wasn’t confined to the UK though. Many other markets that had been under the cosh were given some respite. For us investors, perhaps the most noteworthy was the improvement in the share prices of ‘growth’ companies, in particular tech firms.
We’ve written about this at length over the past year or so. But to recap; after a decade and more of trashing everything else, the tech share hares have collapsed this year, dragging many markets – such as the US and China – down with them.
The cause of this is the return of inflation, and with it, rising interest rates: Higher interest rates impact the way investors value fast-growing companies, and not in a good way. With so much invested in these parts of the market, investors are frantically trying to work out if the last fortnight of kinder price trends mean the worst is over, or if they’re simply a resting point on a far longer descent.
The cause of this respite was tentative signs that inflation may have peaked, and that interest rate hikes might be less severe than previously thought. The emphasis is on ‘tentative’ here, as while some data has pointed to a slight moderation in the pace at which inflation is accelerating, there isn’t much of that data to go on, and other data has suggested otherwise. It’s finely balanced, and further releases over the coming days and weeks will provide more colour, potentially tipping the market either way.
But perhaps the most emphatic bounce-back over the month came from Chinese shares. These benefited from the same factors as mentioned above, but had a further boost from indications that the country’s zero-Covid policy, which still has the country on hard lockdown, may be eased.
Indeed, this news may itself have played into the hopes of easing inflation, as China’s lockdown has caused many of the bottlenecks that are spiking prices in certain products across the planet. If those bottlenecks are removed, price rises may begin to lighten up, and potentially even reverse.
It all adds up to a highly complex picture for global markets and economies, and trying to predict precisely what will happen next is difficult at best. We maintain that diversification is the best policy because the alternative requires knowing exactly which path the world will take, and when it will take it. And that requires a crystal ball. Or a time machine. If you have access to either, please let us know.
Simon Evan-Cook
On behalf of Raymond James Barbican
Appendix
5-year performance chart
Risk warning: With investing, your capital is at risk. Opinions constitute our judgement as of this date and are subject to change without warning. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results. This article is intended for informational purposes only and no action should be taken or refrained from being taken as a consequence without consulting a suitably qualified and regulated person.
The shift in approach from the ECB led to European equities falling and European government bond yields pushing higher. The yield on the 10-year German bund now stands at 1.43%, compared to this time last year when it was still in negative territory, yielding -0.25%.
Chinese equities have been somewhat of a bright spot over recent weeks, rallying strongly as COVID lockdown measures appeared to be easing. However, Shanghai and Beijing now look to be going back into a form of lockdown and mass-testing as the country’s dynamic zero-COVID policy is implemented. This news pulled down Chinese stocks and will create a headache for Chinese exporters once more, just as the Port of Shanghai was reporting numbers almost back to normal. The average waiting time for tankers at the port had fallen by almost 37 hours. This trend could reverse with lockdown measures returning.
Elsewhere in China there were rumours circulating this week that Ant Group’s failed initial public offering (IPO) may be revived. This would mark a sea change in China’s regulatory policy, which has been a headwind for sectors such as technology over the last 12-18 months. Chinese headline inflation data was reported at 2.1% on Friday, coming in slightly below consensus. With inflation seemingly under control in the world’s second largest economy, there is scope for interest rates to be cut further and stimulus measures to be implemented to help support the economy. We are beginning to witness this already, and it often boosts not just China but the global economy as well, albeit with a 10–12-month lag.
On domestic shores, it was once again Boris Johnson who stole the headlines, with the PM narrowly surviving a vote of no confidence on Monday. Despite remaining in leadership there are still question marks over how long he will last, with comparisons being drawn to Margaret Thatcher and Theresa May, who both resigned, even after coming through their own votes of no confidence.
Oil prices have been rising this week, in part due to China’s reopening and an expectation of a pick-up in demand. This has led to UK petrol prices rising, with the RAC group estimating that it would cost over £100 to fill up a 55-litre tank. Higher petrol prices act as a tax on the consumer and will negatively impact consumption in other parts of the economy.
Although the weather has certainly improved over the last week, the same cannot be said for flights around Europe. EasyJet have axed 72 flights today just as Britons were hoping for a summer break. British Airways have also cancelled almost 100 short haul flights from its main base London Heathrow. This has been caused by massive staff shortages. This follows news of rail strikes occurring from June 21st to June 26th. The Transport Salaried Staffs Association said its members on East and West Midlands trains were protesting over pay, conditions and job security.
The last piece of data this week, and one of the most important was US inflation, which showed inflation has yet to peak, coming in at 8.6%, a 40-year high. The elevated figure is likely to do little to deter the US Federal Reserve from raising interest rates by 0.5% at their next meeting.
The current backdrop continues to be challenging, with heightened volatility across equities and bonds. That being said, volatility does create opportunities, and we will look to pivot the portfolios as opportunities present themselves. At the moment that means making the portfolios increasingly diversified by adding to some of the defensive elements of the portfolios, at low valuations.
Andy Triggs, Head of Investments & Nathan Amaning, Investment Analyst
Risk warning: With investing, your capital is at risk. The value of investments and the income from them can go down as well as up and you may not recover the amount of your initial investment. Certain investments carry a higher degree of risk than others and are, therefore, unsuitable for some investors.
Every year is different from what you expect, and that is particularly true in financial markets. It is easier to say over the first five months of 2022 which investment areas have lost you money, especially if you also factor in the enhanced inflationary backdrop. There will always be some element of volatility in financial market investment, but it still plays the most essential role in any pension fund portfolio or medium-term financial target. What really matters is maintaining confidence during times of uncertainty.
Over the last 20 years or so inflation has been a problem for emerging markets, who have had to raise interest rates to contain inflation, while developed markets have typically experienced benign inflation. This year has been upside down and inside-out with developed markets plagued by high inflation and having to tighten policy, while emerging markets, having already begun hiking interest rates last year, have been in a much better position. The New Zealand central bank raised interest rates by 0.50% at the start of the week and indicated there was more to come. At the same time, the Russian central bank cut interest rates by 3%, citing a slowing inflation outlook and strong currency as the driver. Russia’s huge cut followed a surprise interest rate cut from China last week, a nation that is currently experiencing inflation levels of just over 2%.
Thankfully equity markets turned upside down this week, with the US equity market looking like ending an eight-week losing streak to end the week higher. Gains have extended across most regions this week with European equities on course for their best week in over two months. One of the major headwinds for global equities has been the inflation story and response from developed world central banks. It was interesting to see this week that Atlanta Fed President Raphael Bostic suggested a pause may be required in US interest rate rises in September. Investors are beginning to question whether the economy can withstand such aggressive Fed policy.
It wasn’t all rosy with the US equity market, as social media company Snap fell almost 40% after issuing a profit warning. The stock now trades below its IPO price in 2017. It’s another example of the market severely punishing companies for missing targets. We think this backdrop lends itself to active managers, who can carry out deep, fundamental research into a company’s financial statements and outlook.
In the UK the big news was saved for Thursday, with Chancellor Rishi Sunak announcing a windfall tax on energy firms, using this tax to help households with soaring living costs. Oil majors Shell and BP saw their share prices actually rise on the day, potentially driven by a 3% rise in the price of oil, which likely more than offsets their increased tax burden. The brent oil price pushed through $115 a barrel this week with continued concerns around supply. With sky high hydrocarbon prices and Europe’s desire to move away from Russian energy dependence there is a huge need for investment into renewable energy and this is likely to provide good investment opportunities going forward. Interestingly, some of the traditional energy companies are looking to utilise their high profit levels to pivot more into renewable energy. This was highlighted through Total’s proposed acquisition of the 5th largest renewable player in the US on Wednesday.
Economic data has been mixed over the past seven days. There were bright spots in the UK, with retail sale rising month-on-month. Wage data showed that employers raised wages by around 4% over the three months to April. While this is higher compared to recent years, it is still below the current inflation levels. US Durable goods orders, which measures industrial activity and is used as an economic indicator by many investors, came in slightly below expectations. US Q1 GDP was revised down to -1.5%, showing the economy contracted slightly more than previously thought.
Despite what appears to be disappointing data, the US equity market has been strong this week, and hints to what was alluded to in last week’s note – that bad news may actually be good news – that it prevents central banks from tightening policy too much or too quickly and allows the global economy to operate in a low-rate environment for longer.
Andy Triggs, Head of Investments & Nathan Amaning, Investment Analyst
Risk warning: With investing, your capital is at risk. The value of investments and the income from them can go down as well as up and you may not recover the amount of your initial investment. Certain investments carry a higher degree of risk than others and are, therefore, unsuitable for some investors.i
Because this week has – so far- been brutal. At least it was if you’re looking at a global stock market index: down about four percent with a day left to play.
As I’m sure you’re aware, this isn’t the first grim week of the year. Far from it; the market news flow has a distinctly slow and grinding feel to it. This stands it apart from other recent negative episodes, such as the pandemic sell-off in 2020, which were sharp, but relatively short-lived.
But look deeper within the market data, and you’ll find other “interesting” titbits that make this week’s movements stand out.
In stark contrast to much of this year, and most of the last fifteen years too, this week’s nosedive was led by the US: Up until Thursday at least, American shares were down by almost five per cent for the week. But everywhere else, including the UK? Not so bad – generally off by a per cent or two, and they’re erasing much of that in Friday’s early trading (UK equities are still positive for the year, amazingly).
This is bordering on weird. If US equities tumble, European and Asian shares usually follow suit, and with more gusto too. But not this time. Has the long run of US market exceptionalism come to an end?
Another change was that America’s sell off was truly inclusive (and not in a good way). For most of the year it’s been tech and other growth shares getting walloped, but this week everything joined in, including previously immune ‘value’ shares.
Commentators are putting this down to investors beginning to worry not just about inflation and interest rate rises (which growth stocks hate like cats hate swimming), but also an economic slowdown, which isn’t great for anything – including value stocks.
Is this a start of a new trend, or just a blip? Absent a crystal ball, only time will tell.
I don’t want to leave you on a note of bad news, so how about a bad-news-might-be-good-news vibe instead?
We heard this week that global fund managers had raised cash to their highest levels since soon after the 9/11 attacks. Ominous as it sounds, you’ll note that they didn’t raise cash to their highest levels just before 9/11 (it would have been mighty suspicious if they had), just as they hadn’t raised cash to their highest levels before this year’s sell-off – which would have been useful given what we’ve just seen.
So, this is something – jumping in and out of the market – they’re clearly not good at (dirty secret: nobody is). Perhaps, even, it’s a contrarian indicator that news has got as bad as it’s going to get? Well, let’s see what next week brings.
In the meantime, have a great weekend,
Simon Evan-Cook
(On Behalf of Raymond James, Barbican)
Risk warning: With investing, your capital is at risk. The value of investments and the income from them can go down as well as up and you may not recover the amount of your initial investment. Certain investments carry a higher degree of risk than others and are, therefore, unsuitable for some investors.
Starting with the UK, we received weaker than expected GDP data, which showed the economy contracted by 0.1% during March. With low consumer confidence and high inflation, demand was weaker than anticipated. Higher household energy prices from April will likely cause a drag on next month’s GDP figures and we could see a further contraction in the economy. April’s retail sales figures were weak, as the cost-of-living squeeze impacted spending. However, spending on travel and international holiday bookings has surged above pre-pandemic levels, with people keen to travel abroad once more. Spending on hotels, accommodation and resorts was 16% higher compared with April 2019. At a market level, UK equities have struggled this week, although equities are rebounding at the time of writing. Government bond yields have fallen this week (prices rise) as investors have become increasingly nervous about the economic outlook for the UK following poor GDP data.
US inflation data on Wednesday provided mixed messages. Inflation came in at 8.3%, which was lower than the previous month’s 8.5% figure. However, core inflation, which strips out volatile items such as energy and food, was up 0.6% month-on-month, versus March’s figure of 0.3%. US equities ended Wednesday in negative territory once more, with the tech-heavy Nasdaq index down over 3%. US government bond yields have fallen below 3% this week as investors begin to question whether the central bank will be able to engineer a ‘soft’ landing – that is cooling inflation without stalling the economy. Rising bond yields have proved a headwind for equity markets, and there is the potential for the recent fall in bond yields to begin to provide some support to US equities. At a business level US companies continue to trade well, with high levels of earnings and revenue ‘beats’ for Q1 2022 earnings season so far.
Russian tensions with western Europe looked like escalating on Friday with Finland’s leaders stating that their country should join Nato. The immediate retaliation from Russia is likely to be the switching off of Russian gas supplies to the country, pushing European gas prices higher. Rising energy prices have put pressure on governments in Europe and the UK to provide some form of assistance. Spain have looked to tackle this with plans announced for a price cap that limits gas prices used to produce electricity. It will be interesting to see if other nations follow suit.
Crypto markets were sent into a tailspin this week with the popular Luna coin losing over 98%. The estimated losses stand at around $15bn. The incredible decline highlights some of the risks of this immature asset class and is why we do not yet consider it as an investable asset.
The last month or so has been a particularly challenging period with price declines across the board. Economic data is beginning to indicate that US inflation may be peaking, and this could provide support for all asset classes. We continue to tread a path of diversification across geography and asset class, while seeking out long-term investment opportunities. One area we currently like is infrastructure. Not only does infrastructure offer an element of inflation protection, while also historically providing better downside protection than equities, we think the sector will benefit from two long-term structural tailwinds; the energy transition and energy security.
Andy Triggs | Head of Investments, Raymond James, Barbican
Risk warning: With investing, your capital is at risk. The value of investments and the income from them can go down as well as up and you may not recover the amount of your initial investment. Certain investments carry a higher degree of risk than others and are, therefore, unsuitable for some investors.